What Is Lead Paint and Why Is It Dangerous?

Lead paint is any paint that uses lead compounds as pigments or drying agents. It was common in houses built before 1978, when the federal government banned its use in residential paint. The lead gives paint durability and a glossy finish, but it also makes the paint hazardous. Homes built before that year, especially those with multiple layers of old paint, may still have lead paint on walls, windows, doors, and trim.

Lead paint becomes dangerous when it starts to chip, peel, or turn into dust. Friction from opening and closing windows and doors can create lead dust. Renovation work, such as sanding or scraping, can also release lead particles into the air. You cannot see, taste, or smell lead dust, so you might not know it is present. If your home was built before 1978, a lead paint test can tell you whether it is present.

You cannot tell if paint contains lead just by looking at it. The only reliable way to know is to have a sample tested by a laboratory that specializes in lead analysis. You can buy test kits at hardware stores, but they are not always accurate. A professional lead inspector can take paint samples and send them to a lab for analysis. If you are planning to renovate or if you have young children, testing is a wise step.

• Check the age of your home; homes built before 1978 often used lead paint.
• Look for chipping, peeling, or cracking paint, especially on windows and doors.
• Use a lead test kit for a quick initial check, but confirm with a lab.
• Hire a professional lead inspector for a thorough assessment.
• If you rent, ask your landlord about lead paint disclosures.

If you have lead paint in your home, do not try to remove it yourself by sanding or scraping, as that can create dangerous dust. The safest approach is to leave intact lead paint alone and cover it with a sealant or new paint. For damaged areas, wet the surface before scraping to reduce dust. Always wear protective gear, and keep children and pets away from the work area.

For major renovations or if you have young children, consider hiring a lead abatement professional. The pros have the training and equipment to remove lead safely. If you are dealing with water damage that has caused paint to peel, the water damage pros can help with structural drying and dehumidification, but they will not remove lead paint. Always coordinate with a qualified lead abatement contractor for that work.